A model for classifying the technological complexity of goods, services and works based on Industry 4.0 principles

Bohdan I. Lohvinenko

Abstract


The article substantiates the need to move from generalized assessments of the level of digitalization of enterprises and industries toward a process-oriented approach suitable for practical application in state industrial policy. It is shown that the current system for confirming the degree of product localization already generates a substantial body of administrative and economic data. However, the existing procedure does not make it possible to determine the actual compliance of a specific production process with the principles of Industry 4.0 or to distinguish the fragmented use of digital tools from systemic technological modernization.

A technological gradation from T0 to T5 has been developed, the content and assessment criteria for six dimensions have been defined, a formula for calculating the Basic Technology Index has been proposed, and threshold conditions for assigning assessed objects to the respective levels have been substantiated. The practical significance of the model for business and the economy has been determined, as its application will contribute to greater comparability of assessed objects, technological modernization, and targeted reindustrialization.

The main advantages and limitations of the proposed model have been analyzed, while the conditions for its practical application and the potential risks associated with its scaling have been identified. Using hypothetical examples, the procedure for assessing the technological maturity of production processes, calculating the Basic Technology Index, and assigning goods, services, and works to the relevant levels has been demonstrated. Further research directions have also been identified, including testing the model on actual data, refining weighting coefficients and threshold values, developing sector-specific interpretations of the indicators, digitalizing the assessment procedure, and gradually supplementing the model with indicators of human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience in accordance with the principles of Industry 5.0.


Keywords


industrial policy, smart industry, Industry 4.0, technological readiness, localization, registry, digitalization

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2026.03.003

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