The objective of the paper is to define long-term trends and factors in the development of the world energy industry and their refraction to Ukrainian realities.

The article consists of an introduction, three sections, namely: the main trends in the development of the global fuel and energy complex, analysis of the current state, long-term trends and factors in the development of the national fuel and energy complex of Ukraine. Conclusions end the paper.

As for the world energy sector it is shown that its modern changes – Grand Transit  – are due to the ideology of sustainable development and have the character of an extraordinary change in the technocenosis, the transition from the use of fossil fuels to energy from renewable sources, mainly – wind and photovoltaic nature. Along with the major tendencies of the Great Transition, there is also the trilemization and politicization of energy sector. Trilemization components are: Energy Security, Energy Equity and Environmental Sustainability. There are three scenarios for the development of the global energy – Unfinished Symphony, Modern Jazz and Hardrock, distinguished by the degree of greening and the availability of energy resources. Political motives are becoming more and more significant at all levels – from global to local. Major players are lobbying their interests, there is an activity of structures from the field of nuclear energy, powerful fuel companies, owners of gas transportation and gas distribution infrastructure.

In Ukraine, transformation processes are taking place against the backdrop of low environmental acceptability and high depreciation of fuel and energy sector facilities and infrastructure, political and economic instability. The requirements of decarbonization create challenges to the very existence of coal energy, which is the main component of the energy generating fund of the country and the regions, where mines are located. Options for the development of hydrogen/ammonia energy in the form of vertically integrated energy-chemical systems with the nuclear power plants and reformed coal-fired thermal power plants are considered as promising; energy diversification of mining regions; the creation of virtual power plants based on hydrodynamic water heating installations.

Nort, D. (1997). Institutions, institutional change and the functioning of the economy. Мoskow: Fond ekonomicheskoi knigi «Nachala», 180 p. [In Russian]

Mastepanov, A. (2017). What the coming day has in store for us. Neft' Rossii. July-August. pp. 11-19. URL: https://neftrossii.ru/docs/magazines/NR/2017/NR-2017-7-8.pdf [In Russian].

Diachuk, O., Chepeliev, M, Podolets, R., Trypolska, G. and oth. (2017). Transition of Ukraine to the Renewable Energy by 2050. Kyiv: Publishing house “Art Book” Ltd. 88 p.

Chernyavs`ky`j, M. V., & Miroshny`chen­ko, Ye. S. (2021). Changes in the structure of electricity generation in Ukraine and the prospects for the development of thermal energy. XVII International scientific-practical conference "Сoal thermal power engineering: paths for reconstruction and development" (Kyiv, 19-20 June 2021). Ky`yiv: ITET NAN Ukrayiny`. 31-38 [In Ukrainian].

Spaiser, V., Ranganathan, S., Swain, R. B., & Sumpter, D. J. (2017). The sustainable development oxymoron: quantifying and modelling the incompatibility of sustainable development goals. International

Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 24(6), pp. 457-470. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2016.1235624

Mensah, J. (2019). Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), pp. 1653531. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531

Badalyan, L., & Krivorotov, V. (2008). Technological turning point of the beginning of the century and the interests of Russia. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 3, pp. 12-19 [In Russian].

Sager, J. (2016). The crown joules: Resource peaks and monetary hegemony. Economic Anthropology, 3(1), pp. 31-42. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sea2.12042

Kristensen, K. M. (2004). The innovator's dilemma. Moskow: Al'pina Biznes Buks. 239 p. [In Russian].

Wilson, K. L. (1985). Coal bridge to the future. Moskow: Nedra. 264 p. [In Russian].

Piskulova, N. (2010). Development of the world economy: ecological vector. Mirovaya ekonomika i mejdunarodnye otnosheniya, 12, pp. 28-37 [In Russian].

Xiaohui, Hu (2017). From Coal Mining to Coal Chemicals? Unpacking New Path Creation in an Old Industrial Region of Transitional China. Growth and Changy, 48(2), pp. 233-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12190

Sinyak, Yu. V. (2017). Modeling the cost of hydrogen fuel in conditions of its centralized production. Hydrogen energy technologies: Laboratory Seminar Materials VET OIVT RAN. Мoskow: VET OIVT RAN. 1. pp. 39-56 [In Russian].

Sibikin, Yu. D. (2017). Fundamentals of designing power supply facilities. Directmedia [In Russian].

Aminov, R. Z., Bairamov, A. N. (2016). Eva­luation of the efficiency of hydrogen production based on off-peak electricity from nuclear power plants. Mejdunarodnyi nauchnyi jurnal «Al'ternativnaya energetika i ekologiya» (ISJAEE), 5-6, pp. 59-70 [In Russian].

Bryce, R. (2021). Not In Our Backyard. Center of the American Experiment. URL: https://www.readkong.com/page/not-in-our-backyard-rural-america-is-fighting-back-against-2433159

Stadji, D. (2021). Futurshok. Energobiznes. № 28 (1221) [In Russian].

Weizsaecker, E., & Wijkman, A. (2018). Come On! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet. Springer. 220 p.

Rodrik, D. (2014). The Paradox of Globalization: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy. Ekonomicheskaya sociologiya. 15 (2). pp. 65-75 [In Russian].

Sovacool, B. (2021). Clean, low-carbon but corrupt? Examining corruption risks and solutions for the renewable energy sector in Mexico, Malaysia, Kenya and South

Africa. Energy Strategy Reviews, 38(5), p. 100723. DOI: http://doi/10.1016/j.esr.2021.100723

Mills, M. P. (2019). The ‘New Energy Economy’: An Exercise in Magical Thinking: Report. Manhattan Institute.

Konoplyanik, A. (2021). How not to fall into the hydrogen trap. Ekspert, 4, pp. 70-74 [In Russian].

Amosha, A. I., Zaloznova, Yu. S., & Chere­vatskyi, D. Yu. (2017). Coal industry and hybrid economy. Kiev: IEP NAN Ukrainy, 196 p. [In Russian].

Chernousenko, O. Yu. (2014). The state of Ukraine's energy sector and the results of modernization of TPP power units. Problemy` zagal`noyi energety`ky`, 4 (39), pp. 20-28 [In Ukrainian]

Styrikovich, M. A., & Sinyak, Yu. V. (1986). Research of long-term prospects of energy development. Vesti Akademii nauk SSSR, 4, pp. 46-54 [In Russian].

Vol`chy`n, I. A. Dunayevs`ka, N. I., Gapo­ny`ch, L. S., Chernyavs`ky`j, M. V., Topal, O. I., & Zasyad`ko, Ya. I. (2013). Prospects for the introduction of clean coal technologies in the energy sector of Ukraine. Kyiv: Gnozis. 308 p. [In Ukrainian].

Yudina, L. (2009). On the way to unification. Mirovaya energetika. 4. URL: http://www.worldenergy.ru/doc_20_59_3081.html [In Russian].

Amosha, A. I., & Kotlyarenko, D. V. (2009). Ukraine as a transit of electricity. Strategіya і mehanіzmi regulyuvannya promislovogo rozvitku. Donetsk: Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine. pp. 3-9 [In Russian].

Vecchi, A., Li, Yo., Ding, Yu., Mancarella, P., Sciacovelli, A. (2021) Liquid air energy storage (LAES): A review on technology state-of-the-art, integration pathways and future perspectives. Advances in Applied Energy, 3, pp. 100047. DOI: http://doi/10.1016/j.adapen.100047

Babin, M. Ye. Koberny`k, V. S., Dubovsky`j, S. V., & Rejsig, V. A. (2010). Decentralization of heat supply as one of the effective ways of energy saving. Naukovi praci NUXT, 32, pp. 31-35. [In Ukrainian]

Novikov, P. V., Teslenko, O. I., Lenchevs`­ky`j, Ye. A. (2021). Ecological assessment of compaction of daily schedules of electric load of the power system with the use of complexes of electric heat generators. XVII International scientific-practical conference "Сoal thermal power engineering: paths for reconstruction and development" (Kyiv, 19-20 June 2021). Kyiv: Institute of heat and energy technologies of NAS of Ukraine, pp. 154-160 [In Ukrainian]

Cherevatskyi, D. Yu., & Novak, I. M. (2021). Concerning the solution of economic and social problems of mining mono-profile cities. XVII International scientific-practical conference "Сoal thermal power engineering: paths for reconstruction and development" (Kyiv, 19-20 June 2021). Kyiv: Institute of heat and energy technologies of NAS of Ukraine, pp. 178-184 [In Ukrainian].