In recent years, the economic crisis has engulfed underground coal mining, which is caused both by the high level of costs characteristic and by the unfavorable situation in the coal markets in the form of established low prices for coal products. Bankruptcy has befallen even world-class companies. At the same time, in the 1990s, Ukrainian practice was enriched by the experience of corporate development of a mine field, related to the interaction within a single mine of a private firm that develops its own part of mine field with own equipment, and a state-owned enterprise that provides the company with paid transportation and winding cargo services, ventilation, drainage and energy supply till to sanitary services of personnel. As a result the traditional hierarchical order of management, when one firm owns the mine and services it, has changed to a heterarchical one. Despite the fact that the practice of corporate development of the mine field received a certain scientific generalization, the externalities, inherent in the appearance of the hierarchies, were ignored. Positive externalities in microeconomics are described in the form of Malinvaud's example, on the basis of which a study was later carried out to investigate the possibility of increasing the efficiency of two government agencies interacting in a single project (the theory of gift exchange as the embodiment of the externalities market).The aim of the paper is to translate the scheme of the example of Malinvaud to the practice of interaction between two firms, involved in coal mining in one mine. Subject of research is to define optimal conditions for the functioning of two firms, which activity generate the effect of externalities.The results and conclusions of the paper are: the use of heterarchies in the mining industry makes it possible to achieve equilibrium and Pareto optimality, contributing to an increase in the economic efficiency of enterprises, operating in conditions of increased unprofitable risks.

economy; coal mining; hierarchy; heterarchy; externalities

Amosha, A. I., Zaloznova, Yu. S., & Cherevatskyi, D.Yu. (2017). Coal industry and hybrid economy. Kyiv: Institute of the Economy of Industry of the NAS of Ukraine [in Russian].

Salaries at the American mines of Rinat Akhmetov are 12 times higher than those at the Ukrainian. Retrieved from http://ukrrudprom.ua/news/Zarplata_na_amerikanskih_shahtah_Rinata_Ahmetova_vishe_chem_na_u.html [in Russian].

Bain, J. (1959). Industrial organization: Barriers to new competition. New York.

Cherevatskyi, D. Yu., Rotter, M. V., & Slipenkiy, S. I. (2013). The development strategy of the coal industry in Ukraine, consistent with the principles of industrial organization. Strategiya i mehanizmyi regulirovaniya promyishlennogo razvitiya, 5, pp. 256-266 [in Russian].

Filatov, Yu. V., Naumov, Yu. A., Leschinskiy, A. A., & Cherevatskyi, D. Yu. (2000). The experience of corporate development of the mine field. Ugol Ukrainyi, 11, pp. 25-28 [in Russian].

Amosha, A. I., & Mamutov, V. K. (2000). Experience of attracting and using investments for the development of the mine. Ugol Ukrainyi, 11, pp. 14-19 [in Russian].

Amosha, A. I., Ilyashov, M. A., & Baysarov, L. Yu. (2001). The implementation of the conceptual provisions of the investment doctrine of coal enterprises. Ugol Ukrainyi, 8, pp. 9-13 [in Russian].

Kabanov, A. I., Starychenko, L. L., Tsykareva, V. V. (2004). Substantiation of financial and economic relations of coal mining enterprise and investor-developer of mining part. Ugol Ukrainyi, 2, pp. 5-10 [in Ukrainian].

Cherevatskyi, D. Yu. (2016). "Rabbit duck" of industrial park. Econ. promisl., 4(76), pp. 53-58 [in Russian]. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2016.01.053.

Stark, D. (1996). Recombined property and the birth of Eastern European capitalism. Voprosyi ekonomiki, 6, pp. 4-24 [in Russian].

Stark, D. (2001). Getterhierarchy: asset ambiguity and organization of diversity in post-socialist countries. Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya, V. 2, 2, pp. 115-132 [in Russian].

Artemova, T. I., Gritsenko, A. A., Krichevskaya, T. A. at all (2013). Hierarchy and networks in the institutional architecture of economic systems. In A.A. Gritsenko (Ed.). Kyiv: Institute of the Economy and prognostication of the NAS of Ukraine [in Russian].

Dracheva, E. L., & Libman, A. M. (2001). Problems of definition and classification of integrated corporate structures. Menedzhment v Rossii i za rubezhom, 4, pp. 37-53 [in Russian].

Ilyashov, M. A., Levit, V. V., & Cherevatskyi, D. Yu. (2015). Three-dimensional industrial parks: definition, features and directions of development. Econ.promisl., 1, pp. 74-83 [in Russian]. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2015.01.074.

Amosha, A. I., Kozhushok, O. D., Radchenko, V. V., Halimendikov, E. N., Cherevatskyi, D. Yu., & Yushkov, E. A. (2013). From an industrial enterprise to an industrial park: a paradigm shift on the example of the school “Pokrovskoye”. Econ. promisl., 1-2 (61-62), pp. 13-17 [in Russian].

Amosha, O. I., Cherevatskyi, D. Yu., & Petrova, I. P. (2017). Concerning the classification of public-private partnership in the field of coal mining. Ekonomika Ukrainy, 10, pp. 18-30 [in Ukrainian].

Cherevatskyi, D. Yu. (2007). About non-diversified coal industry firms. Nauchnyie trudyi DonNTU. Seriya: Ekonomicheskaya, Iss. 31-2, pp. 20-23 [in Russian].

Malenvo E. (1985). Lectures on microeconomic analysis. M.: Nauka. Glavnaya redaktsiya fiziko-matematicheskoy literaturyi [in Russian].

Dodlova, M. Ch., & Yudkevich, M. M. (2007). "Exchange of gifts" in the relationship of civil servants. Ekonomicheskiy zhurnal VShE, 3, pp. 337-363 [in Russian].

McFadden, D. (1975). Robinson Crusoe meets Walras and Keynes. Berkley : Department of Economics, University of California.

Starychenko, L. L., Tsykareva, V. V., & Cherevatskyi, D. Yu. (2009). The economic mechanism of interaction between state mines and private firms in the joint development of the field. Ekonomichnyi visnyk Donbasu, 1(15), pp. 11-13 [in Russian].

Moiseev, G. V., Plahotnyuk, L. N., Garbuzenko, A. A. (2004).Typical methodology for substantiating the expenses of the main activity in coal mining by state enterprises in the conditions of attracting non-state structures for this investment. Donetsk: Institute of the Economy of Industry of the NAS of Ukraine [in Russian].